Measurement:
Random errors are errors of measurements in which the measured quantities differ from the mean value with different magnitudes and directions.
Systematic errors are errors of measurements in which the measured quantities are displaced from the true value by fixed magnitude and in the same direction.
Accuracy is a measure of how close the results of an experiment agree with the true value.
Precision is a measure of how close the results of an experiment agree with each other.
Thermal Physics:
The internal energy is a function of state and the total microscopic kinetic and potential energies of the particles composing the system.
The specific latent heat of fusion, Lf , is defined as the amount of heat required per unit mass to change a substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase without any change in temperature
The specific latent heat of vaporization, Lv, is defined as the amount of heat required per unit mass to change a substance from the liquid phase to the vapor phase without any change in temperature.
First law of thermodynamics state that internal energy is a function of state and the increase in internal energy is equal to the sum of the heat supplied to system and work done on system.
